Science and alternative methods: Integrated approaches

Pedagogical approaches for technology-integrated science teaching

The two separate projects described have examined how teachers exploit computer-based technologies in supporting learning of science at secondary level. This paper examines how pedagogical approaches associated with these technological tools are adapted to both the cognitive and structuring resources available in the classroom setting. Four teachers participated in the first study, undertaken a...

Methods and approaches to study plant mitochondrial alternative oxidase.

The alternative oxidase is a non-proton motive 'alternative' to electron transport through the cytochrome pathway. Despite its wasteful nature in terms of energy conservation, the pathway is likely present throughout the plant kingdom and appears to be expressed in most plant tissues. A small alternative oxidase gene family exists, the members of which are differentially expressed in response t...

Mechanistic approaches and the development of alternative toxicity test methods.

A mechanism can be defined as an explanation of an observed phenomenon that explains the processes underlying the phenomenon in terms of events at lower levels of organization. A prerequisite for new, more mechanistic, approaches, which would use in vitro systems rather than conventional animal analogy models, is a strengthening of the underlying scientific basis of toxicity testing. This will ...

Research Methods for Design Science Research: Computational and Cognitive Approaches

Research methods that claim to use the scientific approach in design research can be grouped into three categories: those founded on empirical evidence of human designing activity; those founded on axioms and their derivations; and those founded on conjectures of potentially useful processes. These three approaches are used to construct either cognitive or computational models of designing.

Alternative Constructions Alternative Constructions of Science and Science Education